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One of these areas was India, where Britain had been in a struggle Tiffany 1837 pendant supremacy with France since the early 1740s already. It was not coincidental therefore, that in March of 1782, just as Parliament decided to stop its offensive operations in the New World, the first detachments of two regiments of Hanoverian Infantry, eventually amounting to about two thousand two hundred officers and men in the employ of the Paloma Picasso Loving Heart pendant , set sail from England for Madras. British exploration - and exploitation - of India dates back to year 1591, when, armed with a permit from Queen Elizabeth I, three ships set out from England for India. On 31 December 1599, Elizabeth granted a Royal Charter to a group of merchants and traders around Paloma Picasso Loving Heart Pendant, Earl of Cumberland, thereby creating the Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading with the East Indies, whose monopoly of trade extended across all areas and countries east of the Cape of Good Hope and west of the Straits of Magellan. Its first major trading post or "factory" was built in Surat in 1612, followed by Tiffany 1837 Lock pendant , the Company had twenty-three factories, and, by the end of the century, was present in Bombay (1668) and Calcutta (1690) as well. Concurrently, King Charles II had granted it most of those rights usually reserved to sovereign states, that is, the right to acquire territory, to mint money, to raise its own forces, to make war and peace and to form alliances, and to exercise civil and criminal jurisdiction in its territory.